International Association for the Study of Attention and Performance

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Volume 1

ATTENTION AND PERFORMANCE

Proceedings of a Symposium held at Driebergen August 17-20, 1966, under the auspices of the Institute for Perception RVO-TNO,Soesterberg, The Netherlands

Editor A.F. SANDERS

Institute for Perception RVO-TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands, 1967

NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY – AMSTERDAM

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Topic 1 - SINGLE-CHANNEL THEORY AND INFORMATION PROCESSING
Introductory Remarks 3
A. T. WELFORD, Single-channel operation in the brain 5
R. S. NICKERSON, Expectancy, waiting time and the psychological refractory period 23
R. GOTTSDANKER, Computer determinations of the effect of superseding signals 35
P. BERTELSON, The refractory period of choice reactions with regular and irregular interstimuli intervals 45
P. DAVIS, Intermittency and selective attention 57
W. G. KOSTER and J. A. M. BEKKER, Some experiments on refractoriness 64
S. KORNBLUM and W. G. KOSTER, The effect of signal intensity and training on simple reaction time 71
A. ELITHORN and T. J. BARNETT, Apparent individual differences in channel capacity 75
N. MORAY, Where is capacity limited? A survey and a model 84
A. B. KRISTOFFERSON, Attention and psychophysical time 93
E. TULVING and P. H. LINDSAY, Identification of simultaneously presented simple visual and auditory stimuli 101
Topic 2 - REACTION PROCESSES
Introductory remarks 113
A. F. SANDERS, Some aspects of reaction processes 115
P. RABBITT, Time to detect errors as a function of factors affecting choice response time 131
J. F. SCHOUTEN and J. A. M. BEKKER, Reaction time and accuracy 143
G. L. WOLFENDALE, Decision times in signal detection 154
R. M. PICKETT, Response latency in a pattern perception situation 160
A. F. SANDERS and W. TER LINDEN, Decision making during paced arrival of probabilistic information 170
S. KORNBLUM, Choice reaction time for repetitions and non-repetitions - a re-examination of the information hypothesis 178
B. FORRIN and R. E. MORIN Effects of context on reaction time to optimally coded signals 188
E. T. KLEMMER, Sequences of responses to signals encoded in time only 197
J. A. MICHON and N. J. L. VAN DER VALK, A dynamic model of timing behaviour 204
N. S. KIRK and J. FEINSTEIN, An investigation of the relation between inspection and repairing performance of burlers and menders in the worsted woollen industry 213
M. M. TAYLOR, P. H. LINDSAY and S. M. FORBES, Quantification of shared capacity processing in auditory and visual discrimination 223
Topic 3 - PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF ATTENTION AND REACTION TIME
Introductory remarks 233
R.T. WILKINSON, Evoked response and reaction time 235
M. HAIDER, Vigilance, attention expectation and cortical evoked Potentials 246
J, W. H. KALSBEEK and R. N. SYKES, Objective measurements of mental load 253
E. H. VAN OLST, J. F. ORLEBEKE and S. D. FOKKEMA, Skin conductance as a measure Of tonic and phasic arousal (Abstract) 262
Topic 4 - SHORT TERM MEMORY AND INFORMATION PROCESSING
Introductory remarks 265
M. I. POSNER, Short term memory systems in human information processing 267
G. SPERLING, Successive approximations to a model for short term memory 285
D. A. NORMAN, Temporal confusions and limited capacity processors 293
R. E. MORIN, D. V. DEROSA and V. STULTZ, Recognition memory and reaction time 298
G. J. HARRISON, Some additive results in short term memory 306
B. B. MURDOCK, Auditory and visual stores in short term memory 316
D. B. YNTEMA and G. M. SCHULMAN, Response selection in keeping track of several things at once 325
Topic 5 - EYE MOVEMENTS AND VISUAL SEARCH
Introductory remarks 335
C. T. WHITE, Eye movements, evoked responses and visual perception: some speculations 337
P. L. LATOUR, Evidence of internal clocks in the human operator 341
J. W. SENDERS, On the distribution of attention in a dynamic environment 349
L. G. WILLIAMS, The effects of target specification on objects fixated during visual search 355
C. H. BAKER, Target detection performance with a stationary radar sweep-line 361
Topic 6 - LONG TERM PERFORMANCE
Introductory rernarks 371
H. J. JERISON, Activation and long term performance 373
M. M. TAYLOR, Detectability theory and the interpretation of vigilance data 390
P.D. McCORMACK, A two-factor theory of viailance in the light of recent studies 400
J. J. McGRATH and J. O'HANLON, Temporal orientation and vigilance performance 410
J. ANNETT and L. PATERSON, Training for auditory detection 420
K. F. H. MURRELL, Performance differences in continuous tasks 427
E. A. ALLUISI and W. D. CHILES, Sustained performance, work-rest scheduling, and diurnal rhythms in man 436

AUTHOR INDEX 443

SUBJECT INDEX 449